The Toyota F series gasoline engine was first introduced in 1955. They have become known for their high amount of torque at low RPM and their massive cast iron blocks and heads. These 6-cylinder engines boast the longest production history of any Toyota engine. The F engines all incorporate overhead valves actuated by pushrods from a gear driven camshaft in the lower portion of the engine. The engine was first introduced in the Land Cruiser, and in many countries, was the only engines offered in the Landcruiser until 1993. Although it's commonly badged as the Land Cruiser engine, it was used in a variety of other large truck applications as well, such as in fire trucks and the Toyota FQ15 trucks. It was also used in the Crown based Japanese Police Patrol Cars FH26 and FS20-FS50.
Engine Revisions
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
|---|---|
| Production | 1955-1974 |
| Predecessor | B |
| Successor | F (1974)aka F.5 |
| Displacement | 3.9 L (3878 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 90 mm |
| Piston stroke | 102 mm |
| Compression ratio | 6.8/1 |
| Fuel system | Carbureted |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Power output | 75/93 kW (105/125 hp) |
| Torque output | 261/289 N·m (189/209 ft·lb) |
The F engine is a 3.9 liter, 75/93 kW (105/125 hp), carburated gasoline engine that is capable of 261/289 N·m (189/209 ft·lbf) of torque at 2000 RPM; the difference in power and torque is different depending on the export destination. The original design was started in the early 1950s when Toyota had begun to export their vehicles internationally.
The F engine block, crankshaft and lower end assembly is loosely based on the 1939-63 G.M.C. L6 OHV 228 OHV engine but with a taller deck (rather than the similar but smaller Chevrolet 1937-63 Gen-2 L6 OHV engine), and built under license. The cylinder head and combustion chamber is derived from the Chevrolet L6 OHV "stovebolt" engine, slightly scaled up. The general idea was consumers would feel comfortable with the engine since it was a familiar design and had a proven track record. None of the bottom end of the engine is interchangeable with these engines.
The F engine replaced the early 3.4 liter B gasoline engine introduced in 1937 (not to be confused with the 2.9 liter B diesel engine introduced much later). The early B engine was based on the original 1929-36 Chevrolet Gen-1 207 inline-6, not the later 1937-63 Gen-2 216, 235 etc. engine.
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
|---|---|
| Also called | F.5 or "F and a half" |
| Production | 9/73-12/1974 |
| Predecessor | Toyota Type F engine |
| Successor | 2F |
| Displacement | 3.9 L (3878 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 90 mm |
| Piston stroke | 102 mm |
| Compression ratio | 6.8/1 |
| Fuel system | Carbureted |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Oil system | Same as 2F |
| Cooling system | Water |
| Power output | 75/93 kW (105/125 hp) |
| Torque output | 261/289 N·m (189/209 ft·lb) |
The F (9/73-12/1974) engine is a 3.9 liter, 75/93 kW (105/125 hp), carburated gasoline engine that is capable of 261/289 N·m (189/209 ft·lbf) of torque at 2000 RPM; the major difference between the F and the F.5 is the oiling system. The F.5 (09/1973-12/1974) uses the same oiling set-up and configuration as its successor the 2F.
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
|---|---|
| Production | 1975-1988 |
| Predecessor | F |
| Successor | 3F/3F-E |
| Displacement | 4.2 L (4230 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 94 mm |
| Piston stroke | 102 mm |
| Compression ratio | 7.8/1 |
| Fuel system | Carbureted |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Power output | 100 kW (135 hp) |
| Torque output | 290 N·m (210 ft·lb) |
The second version of the engine, called the 2F, was introduced in 1975. There are a few differences between the F and 2F, i.e., a larger bore in the 2F, removing one oil ring and forcing the oil to travel through the oil filter before the engine.
3F/3F-E
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
|---|---|
| Production | 1985-1992 |
| Predecessor | 2F |
| Successor | 1FZ-FE |
| Displacement | 4.0 L (3955 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 94 mm |
| Piston stroke | 95 mm |
| Compression ratio | 8.1/1 |
| Fuel system | Fuel Injected |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Power output | 116 kW (155 hp) |
| Torque output | 303 N·m (220 ft·lb) |
The 3F-E was designed in 1985 and, in 1988, became the powerhouse for the FJ62 Land Cruiser. It is very similar to the 2F engine except that it is equipped with EFI (electronic fuel injection, carbureted in other countries), a vastly improved emissions system and a smaller displacement. The smaller displacement in the 3F-E was caused by shortening the piston stroke; this also caused the displacement to shrink from 4.2 liters to 4. However, even with this reduction, the engine power increased by 15 kW (20 hp) and 14 N·m (10 ft·lbf) of torque. As a result of these changes to the engine the redline was increased, allowing a wider powerband which made this engine far more suitable for on-road use.
In 1992, the F series engines, after almost 45 years, finally ceased production. In 1993, the F series was replaced by the dual overhead cam (DOHC) 1FZ-FE engine.
Due to the slow-revving design of these engines, it is not uncommon to see them reach over 300,000 miles (482,800 km) before needing a major overhaul.
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